Okay, the user is asking to translate the introduction section of the provided academic paper. Let me start by recalling the context. The paper is about "StyleTime: Style Transfer for Synthetic Time Series Generation," focusing on applying neural style transfer concepts to time series data.
First, I need to identify the introduction section in the paper content. Looking back at the user's previous upload, the introduction starts after the ACM reference format and acknowledgments. The content begins with "Synthetic generation of labeled images..." and spans several paragraphs discussing the application of synthetic data in improving machine learning models, challenges in time series augmentation, and the motivation for StyleTime.
I should ensure the translation maintains technical accuracy. Terms like "neural style transfer" (神经风格迁移), "Gram matrix" (Gram矩阵), and "time series stylization" (时间序列风格迁移) need precise translations. Also, domain-specific terms in finance, such as "rare-event data" (稀有事件数据) and "market simulation" (市场模拟), should be handled correctly.
The user might be a researcher or practitioner in time series analysis or finance, needing the translation for understanding the paper's motivation. They might not have mentioned it, but ensuring clarity in how StyleTime addresses gaps in existing methods (like the limitations of GANs/VAEs) is crucial.
I'll break down the introduction into logical segments:
While translating, I need to check for flow. For example, the transition from image style transfer to time series challenges should highlight why new methods are needed. Also, citations like [12] and [20] refer to key NST works, so their translations should remain consistent with the original references.
Finally, I'll ensure the translated introduction conveys the paper's novelty: StyleTime isn't just applying NST to time series but redefines "style" using distributional properties (分布特性) and introduces stylized features (风格化特征). This sets up the methodology in later sections.
合成图像与时间序列的差异
标记图像的合成生成已成功用于提升机器学习图像检测算法的泛化能力与性能。然而,利用合成时间序列提升机器学习预测算法的泛化能力,相关工作却很少。在金融服务领域,例如,需通过合成稀有事件数据增强历史股价时间序列,使价格预测模型能更好地泛化至经济事件、全球疫情、闪崩等意外市场冲击下的未见场景。若合成时间序列在统计上与真实样本外数据相似(如“训练用合成数据,测试用真实数据”(TSTR)框架[8]所述),则预期训练于该类合成数据的模型在实践中表现良好。此外,增强时间序列数据集的统计真实性通常是金融应用等场景中可解释性要求的必要条件。
多智能体模拟的局限性
多智能体模拟通过自下而上方法生成合成时间序列:模拟大量市场参与者的交互行为(如[4])。尽管该方法在建模反事实场景上具有灵活性(可通过改变智能体配置实现),但其在反映市场真实特征方面存在校准难度大的问题[22]。
神经风格迁移(NST)的启发
本文提出利用神经风格迁移(NST)[12]提升合成时间序列的统计真实性,并用于数据增强。NST最初用于将艺术作品的“风格”融入照片,其核心假设是:CNN能同时捕捉图像的“内容”与“风格”。从数学上看,NST是最小化关于输入图像的优化问题,损失函数为内容损失与风格损失的加权和:
L(Z,Zc,Zs)=αLc(Z,Zc)+βLs(Z,Zs)
内容损失Lc惩罚生成图像与内容图像的差异,风格损失Ls惩罚风格差异。风格通过CNN特征的Gram矩阵表示(如VGG-19网络),该矩阵捕捉纹理信息(风格)而非全局布局(内容)。
时间序列风格迁移的挑战
尽管时间序列领域已有少量NST研究(如[20]将真实噪声融入地震冲击模型,[19]用去噪自编码器+ NST生成日股价序列),但视觉领域的“风格”定义无法直接迁移至时间序列:
本文贡献
我们提出时间序列风格迁移新框架,开发名为StyleTime的算法,通过显式特征提取结合“内容(趋势)”与“风格(分布特性)”:
实验表明,StyleTime在三个数据集(含金融股价、能源消耗)上生成的高保真合成数据,可有效增强循环神经网络(RNN)的预测性能。
研究动机延伸
现有时间序列生成模型(如TimeGAN、QuantGAN)受限于“仅生成训练数据分布内序列”的问题。StyleTime则突破这一限制——例如,可将阶梯函数与布朗运动结合,生成兼具新颖趋势与真实分布的时间序列,适用于稀有事件建模(如经济事件引发的市场冲击)。
(注:翻译中专业术语如“neural style transfer”译为“神经风格迁移”、“Gram matrix”译为“Gram矩阵”、“stylized features”译为“风格化特征”等,确保技术准确性;同时通过调整句式结构,使中文表达更符合学术写作逻辑。)